Retirement & FERS

When can I retire under FERS?

FERS eligibility depends on your age and years of service: Age 62 with 5 years, Age 60 with 20 years, or at your Minimum Retirement Age (MRA) with 30 years.

Source: OPM FERS Eligibility

What is my Minimum Retirement Age (MRA)?

Your MRA depends on your birth year. For those born before 1948, it is 55. It increases gradually to 57 for anyone born in 1970 or later.

What is MRA+10 retirement?

MRA+10 means you have reached your MRA and have at least 10 years of creditable service. Note that your annuity may be permanently reduced if you start it before age 62.

Special Provisions (LEO/FF/ATC)

What is a federal “special provision” employee?

Some federal employees are covered by special retirement provisions because their jobs are physically demanding, high-risk, or subject to earlier retirement rules. This includes LEOs, firefighters, air traffic controllers, and certain military technicians.

When can a covered LEO or firefighter retire under FERS?

Covered LEOs and firefighters can retire at age 50 with 20 years of covered service, or at any age with 25 years of covered service.

Source: OPM CSRS/FERS Handbook, Chapter 46.

Veterans & Military Buyback

What is a military service deposit or military buyback?

This allows veterans to pay a deposit for active-duty military time so it counts toward federal retirement eligibility and pension calculation. Usually 3% of military basic pay plus interest.

VA Medical Professionals (Title 38)

What is Title 38 and how does it affect retirement?

Title 38 employees (VA Physicians, Nurses, etc.) have different pay scales. While under FERS, their "Basic Pay" for High-3 may include market pay and other special categories.

Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)

What is the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP)?

The TSP is a retirement savings and investment plan for Federal employees and members of the uniformed services. It offers the same types of savings and tax benefits that many private corporations offer their employees under 401(k) plans.

What is the TSP match for FERS?

FERS employees receive an automatic 1% agency contribution. On top of that, the agency matches the first 3% of your contributions dollar-for-dollar, and the next 2% at 50 cents on the dollar.

FEGLI Life Insurance

What is FEGLI?

FEGLI stands for Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance. It is group term life insurance available to eligible federal employees. Most eligible employees are automatically enrolled in Basic coverage unless they waive it.

Is FEGLI permanent life insurance?

No. FEGLI is group term life insurance. It does not build cash value.

What happens to FEGLI after age 65?

It depends on the reduction option you choose at retirement. Basic FEGLI may reduce by 75%, 50%, or not at all, depending on your election.

Source: OPM Basic Insurance in Retirement

FEHB & Medicare

What is FEHB?

FEHB stands for Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. It is the main health insurance program for most eligible federal employees, retirees, and eligible family members.

Source: OPM FEHB Plan Comparison

Can I keep FEHB when I retire?

Usually yes, if you meet the rules. You generally must retire on an immediate annuity and have been continuously enrolled in FEHB for the five years immediately before retirement.

Source: OPM FEHB Continuation

Does FEHB continue automatically after retirement?

If you meet the eligibility rules and retire on an immediate annuity, FEHB can continue. Premiums are usually deducted from your annuity.

Source: OPM FEHB Eligibility

Do I need Medicare Part B if I have FEHB?

For standard FEHB retirees, Medicare Part B is generally optional. Many retirees enroll because Medicare becomes primary after retirement and FEHB becomes secondary.

Source: OPM Medicare vs FEHB

Who pays first, Medicare or FEHB?

While actively working, FEHB is usually primary and Medicare is secondary. After retirement, Medicare generally becomes primary for Medicare-covered services.

Source: OPM Medicare Coordination

Should I enroll in Medicare Part A if I have FEHB?

Many federal retirees enroll because Part A is usually premium-free if you paid enough Medicare taxes.

Source: OPM Medicare

Can I suspend FEHB instead of canceling it?

In some cases, yes. Certain annuitants may suspend FEHB to enroll in Medicare Advantage, Medicaid, TRICARE, CHAMPVA, or other qualifying coverage.

Source: OPM FEHB Suspension Form

Why should I review the actual FEHB brochure?

The plan brochure is the official statement of benefits. It controls details such as deductibles, copays, provider rules, Medicare coordination, prior authorization, and exclusions.

Source: OPM FEHB Plan Comparison

USPS & PSHB

What is PSHB?

PSHB stands for Postal Service Health Benefits Program. It is a separate health benefits program for eligible USPS employees, annuitants, and eligible family members. PSHB began in 2025.

Source: OPM PSHB

Is PSHB the same as FEHB?

No. PSHB has separate plans, rules, and Medicare coordination requirements for Postal employees and annuitants.

Source: OPM PSHB

Do Postal retirees have to enroll in Medicare Part B to keep PSHB?

Some do, but not everyone. OPM says certain Medicare-eligible Postal annuitants and family members must enroll in Medicare Part B to maintain PSHB coverage. There are important exceptions.

Source: OPM PSHB

Why is Medicare Part B more urgent for USPS employees and retirees?

PSHB created Medicare Part B rules that are different from standard FEHB rules. Some Postal annuitants must enroll in Part B to maintain PSHB coverage.

Source: OPM PSHB

Where can I compare PSHB plans?

OPM provides PSHB plan brochures and comparison resources.

Source: OPM PSHB Brochures

Does PSHB affect my family members?

It can. Eligible family members may be covered, but Medicare Part B requirements may apply differently.

Source: OPM PSHB

Survivor Benefits

What is a survivor annuity?

A continuing monthly benefit that may be paid to an eligible spouse, former spouse, or other survivor after a federal retiree dies.

Source: OPM Survivor Benefits

Why does survivor annuity matter for FEHB?

A surviving spouse often needs a payable survivor benefit to continue FEHB coverage after the retiree's death.

Source: OPM Family FEHB Continuation

Does my spouse need to approve if I choose less than the full survivor benefit?

Usually yes. OPM generally requires spousal consent to elect less than the maximum.

Source: OPM Survivor Benefits

What happens if I die while still employed?

Under FERS, if you have at least 18 months of creditable civilian service, your surviving spouse may be eligible for the Basic Employee Death Benefit.

Source: OPM Survivor Benefits

Can life insurance replace a survivor annuity?

Sometimes life insurance can supplement survivor income, but it should not be treated as a simple one-for-one replacement without analysis.

Source: OPM Survivor Benefits

Can a former spouse receive part of my federal retirement?

Yes, a court order may award a former spouse a portion of your retirement benefits or survivor benefits.

Source: OPM Court-Ordered Benefits

Social Security & CSRS

How does Social Security work with FERS?

FERS was designed as a three-part system: FERS pension, Social Security, and TSP.

Sources: OPM FERS Information and SSA Federal Employees

How does Social Security work with CSRS?

Traditional CSRS employees generally did not pay Social Security retirement taxes on CSRS-covered federal earnings.

Source: SSA Federal Employees

Do WEP and GPO still reduce Social Security for CSRS retirees?

No, not for benefits payable January 2024 and later. The Social Security Fairness Act ended the Windfall Elimination Provision and Government Pension Offset. However, not every federal retiree receives an increase. The change mainly affects people who receive a pension from work not covered by Social Security, including some CSRS retirees.

CSRS Offset is a separate issue and should still be reviewed carefully.

Source: SSA Social Security Fairness Act

What is CSRS Offset?

CSRS Offset applies to certain employees who have both CSRS and Social Security coverage. When eligible for Social Security, the CSRS annuity may be reduced.

Source: OPM CSRS Offset FAQ

When should a federal employee claim Social Security?

The best claiming age depends on health, income needs, spouse, survivor goals, tax situation, and retirement age.

Source: SSA Retirement Planner

Taxes

Is my FERS pension taxable?

Generally yes. A portion is usually taxable, while part may represent recovery of already-taxed employee contributions.

Source: OPM Tax Information

Are TSP withdrawals taxable?

Traditional TSP withdrawals are generally taxable as ordinary income. Roth TSP withdrawals may be tax-free if qualified.

Source: TSP Tax Rules Booklet

Are Social Security benefits taxable?

They can be. It depends on your combined income, filing status, and other retirement income sources.

Source: IRS Social Security Income

Do states tax federal pensions?

It depends on the state. Some tax federal pensions, some partially exempt them, and some do not tax retirement income.

Source: IRS State Government Resources

Beneficiary Forms & Estate

Which federal beneficiary forms should I review?

Federal employees often have several separate beneficiary records: TSP, FEGLI, FERS/CSRS lump-sum, and unpaid compensation.

Sources: OPM Forms and TSP Forms

Will my will override my federal beneficiary forms?

Usually no. A valid federal beneficiary designation can control even if your will says something different.

Source: TSP Beneficiaries

When should I update my beneficiary forms?

After major life events such as marriage, divorce, remarriage, birth or adoption of a child, death of a beneficiary, estate plan changes, or retirement.

Source: TSP Designating Beneficiaries

What happens if I do not name a beneficiary?

Benefits are generally paid according to a legal order of precedence, which may not match your wishes.

Source: TSP Beneficiaries

Pay Stub Review & GAP Analysis

What is a Pay Stub Review?

A benefits-focused review of your federal Leave and Earnings Statement. It helps identify what you are paying for, what benefit codes appear, how your TSP contributions are set up, and what insurance elections are active. It is not an official government estimate.

Why does my pay stub matter for retirement planning?

Your pay stub can reveal important details about TSP contributions, FEGLI, FEHB, tax withholding, retirement deductions, and other benefit elections.

What is a GAP Analysis Report?

A personalized planning report that compares what your current benefits may provide against what you may need in retirement. It can help identify potential gaps in income, life insurance, survivor protection, healthcare coordination, TSP withdrawal planning, or retirement timing.

Is a Pay Stub Review the same as an official OPM retirement estimate?

No. A Pay Stub Review or GAP Analysis can be useful for education and planning, but it is not the same as an official OPM adjudication.

Source: OPM Retirement Center

Who should consider a Pay Stub Review?

Federal employees within 10 years of retirement, carrying FEGLI Option B, unsure about TSP contribution strategy, concerned about survivor benefits, preparing for Medicare decisions, or trying to understand whether their current benefits match their retirement goals.

What should I have available for a benefits review?

Helpful documents include a recent Leave and Earnings Statement, SF-50, TSP statement, FEHB plan info, FEGLI election info, Social Security estimate, beneficiary records, and any agency retirement estimate.

About Federal Benefits Exchange

Is Federal Benefits Exchange a government agency?

No. Federal Benefits Exchange is an independent education company and is not OPM, USPS, TSP, SSA, Medicare, or any other government agency.

Is the webinar free?

Yes. The webinar is free and educational, with no credit card required.

Is there an obligation after attending the webinar?

No. There is no obligation. If you choose to request a Pay Stub Review, GAP Analysis, or additional consultation afterward, that is a separate, optional next step.

Is the webinar personalized advice?

No. The webinar is educational and cannot fully account for your service history, health coverage, spouse, tax situation, beneficiary forms, TSP balance, or retirement dates.

Will my information be sold?

Federal Benefits Exchange's privacy policy explains how personal information is collected, used, and shared.

Source: Privacy Policy

Where should I verify official federal benefit rules?

The best official sources include OPM for federal retirement, FEHB, FEGLI, and PSHB; TSP.gov for Thrift Savings Plan rules; SSA.gov for Social Security; Medicare.gov for Medicare; IRS.gov for tax rules; and your agency HR or benefits office.

Still Have Questions?

Join our free webinar for a plain-English walkthrough of your federal benefits. No obligation.

Register for Free Webinar